Removing rust : - I have in the past used Turtle Wax Rust Eater Gel; I believe that it contains Phosphoric acid.
Being a gel it is useful on vertical surfaces and it slowly dissolves the black 'rust' flecks in the pits that remain after sanding off the majority of the surface rust.
It needs some patience

you have to keep applying it and washing it off until there is no sign of the black flecks and you are just left with a grey pitted, clean metal surface.
The process may need a couple of days and several washing off/re-applications.
It will discolour any paintwork that the gel runs onto
